Lespedeza
Lespedeza is a genus of some 40 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers. The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.
These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae) like peas and beans, though within these they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe Lespedezinae, which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia
Cultivation and uses
Some species are grown as garden or ornamental plants, and/or are used as a forage crops, notably in the southern United States, and as a means of soil enrichment and for prevention of erosion. Some are invasive species in some areas. Lespedeza are collectively classified as legumes, meaning that their roots harbor bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation from the air into a soil-bound form that can be taken up by other plants (thereby reducing fertilizer input costs).
L. bicolor leaves and roots contain l-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (lespedamin), as well as related Nω,Nω-DMTs and their oxides, as well as some bufotenin.[1]
Species
The species and nothospecies recognized in Lespedeza are:[2]
- Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott
- Lespedeza × angustifolioides T.B.Lee
- Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (= L. bicolor var. japonica Nakai)
- Lespedeza buergeri Miq.
- Lespedeza capitata Michx. (= L. frutescens Elliott, L. stuevei DC.)
- Lespedeza caraganae Bunge
- Lespedeza chinensis G.Don
- Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don
- Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq.
- Lespedeza cyrtobuergeri Akiyama & H.Ohba
- Lespedeza davidii Franch.
- Lespedeza davurica (Laxm.) Schindl.
- Lespedeza × divaricata (Nakai) T.B.Lee
- Lespedeza dunnii Schindl.
- Lespedeza elegans Cambess.
- Lespedeza elliptica Benth.
- Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franch.
- Lespedeza floribunda Bunge (= L. bicolor Prain)
- Lespedeza fordii Schindl.
- Lespedeza forrestii Schindl.
- Lespedeza gerardiana Maxim.
- Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
- Lespedeza hirta ssp. curtissii Clewell (= L. hirta Elliott)
- Lespedeza homoloba Nakai
- Lespedeza inschanica (Maxim.) Schindl.
- Lespedeza intermedia (S.Watson) Britton (= L. frutescens (L.) Britton, L. frutescens var. acutifructa Farw.)
- Lespedeza intermixta Makino (possibly hybrid)
- Lespedeza japonica L.H.Bailey
- Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers.
- Lespedeza juncea var. sericea (Thunb.) Lace & Hauech (= L. cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don)
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- Lespedeza junghuhniana Bakh.f.
- Lespedeza kagoshimensis Hatus.
- Lespedeza leptostachya A.Gray
- Lespedeza maximowiczii R.C.Schneid.
- Lespedeza melanantha Nakai
- Lespedeza mucronata Ricker
- Lespedeza × patentibicolor T.B.Lee
- Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc.
- Lespedeza potaninii Vassilcz.
- Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
- Lespedeza pubescens Hayata
- Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C.Barton
- Lespedeza × simulata Mack. & Bush
- Lespedeza speciosa Maxim.
- Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
- Lespedeza texana Britton
- Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai (= L. elliptica Maxim., L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne, L. formosa ssp. elliptica (Maxim.) Akiyama & H.Ohba)
- Lespedeza thunbergii var. var. thunbergii (DC.)Nakai (= L. patens Nakai, L. patens var. obtusifolia Nakai)
- Lespedeza thunbergii var. velutina (Nakai) H.Ohashi (= L. intermedia Nakai, L. intermedia var. angustifolia Nakai)
- Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Maxim. (= L. hirta Miq.)
- Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
- Lespedeza virgata (Murray) DC.
- Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (= L. angustifolia Darl.)
- Lespedeza wilfordii Ricker
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The identity and/or specific validity of L. schindleri is unclear.[3]
In addition, there are some species formerly in this genus but nowadays placed elsewhere (typically Lespedezinae, e.g. Campylotropis), such as:[4]
- Lespedeza speciosa Schindl. = Campylotropis speciosa (Schindl.) Schindl.
- Lespedeza tomentosa Maxim. = Campylotropis pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl.
- ^ Morimoto & Oshio (1965), Morimoto & Matsumoto (1966)
- ^ ILDIS (2005), and see Wikispecies (26 August 2009) for nothospecies
- ^ ILDIS (2005) contra Wikispecies (26 August 2009)
- ^ ILDIS (2005)
References
Data related to Lespedeza at Wikispecies
- International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Lespedeza. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2011-FEB-18.
- Morimoto, Hiroshi & Matsumoto, Norichika (1966). Über Alkaloide, VI. Inhaltsstoffe Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, II. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica II."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19666920122 (HTML abstract)
- Morimoto, Hiroshi & Oshio, Haruji (1965). Über Alkaloide, V. Inhaltsstoffe von Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, I. Über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica I. On Lespedamin, a novel alkaloid."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19656820121 (HTML abstract)
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